Competition Law

Competition Law refers to the body of laws and regulations designed to protect competition and ensure that markets operate fairly and efficiently. Competition law regulates business practices that may restrict competition, harm consumers, or prevent competitors from entering or operating effectively in a market.
Competition law commonly addresses anti-competitive agreements, cartels, price fixing, market sharing, abuse of a dominant position, and mergers or acquisitions that may substantially restrict competition. Competition authorities may investigate suspected violations and impose fines, remedies, or other measures where anti-competitive conduct is established.
Competition law is particularly important in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, technology, telecommunications, energy, and financial services, where market concentration, intellectual property rights, or regulatory barriers may significantly affect competitive conditions. In the pharmaceutical sector, competition law may intersect with patents, licensing agreements, patent settlements, generic and biosimilar market entry, and other intellectual property strategies.
Competition rules differ between jurisdictions. In the European Union, competition law is primarily enforced by the European Commission and national competition authorities. In Türkiye, competition matters are governed principally by Law No. 4054 on the Protection of Competition and enforced by the Turkish Competition Authority.